Apparatus for use in wire or radio communications



L. DE FOREST.

APPARATUS FOR USE IN WIRE 0R RADIO COMMUNICATIONS. APPLICATION FILED OCT-12. IRIS.

1,314,253. Patented Aug. 26,1919.

ml WW A1 Q m i Q is w mak lia UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LEE DE FOREST, OF NEW YORK, N. Y], ASSIGNOR TO DE FOREST RADIO TELEPHONE AND I TELEGRAPH COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

APPARATUS FOR USE IN WIRE OR RADIO COMMUNICATIONS.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 26, 1919.

Original application filed April 9, 1915, Serial No. 20,172. Patent No 1,221,035, dated April 3, 1917. Divided and-this application filed October 12, 1916. Serial No. 125,186.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEE DE FoREs'r, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, county of Bronx, State of New York, have made a certain new and useful Invention in Apparatus for Use in Wire or Radio'Communications, of which the followin is a specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for use in wire or radio communications, and is a division of my co-pending application, Serial No. 20,172, filed April 9, 1915, which has since issued as Letters Patent No. 1,221,035, on April 3, 1917.

The object of the invention is to provide an apparatus and wiring circuits therefor, which is simple and eflicient for use in wire or radio communications.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for detecting minute changes in potential of electric currents.

Other objects of the invention will appear more fully hereinafter.

The invention consists substantially in the construction, combination, location and various circuit arrangements all as will be more fully hereinafter set forth, as shown bv the accompanying drawing, and finally pointed out in the appended claims.

Referring to the drawing,-

Figure 1 is a circuit diagram showing one arrangement of circuits for accomplishing the objects of my invention as applied to wire or radio communication.

Figs. 2 and 3 are similar views showing modified circuit diagrams, and embodying my invention.

The same part is designated by the same reference numeral wherever it occurs throughout the several views.

It is among the special purposes of my present invention to provide apparatus for use in signaling by ra io means or over wire or cable lines for producing or controlling audible sounds in accordance with the signals to be received, and for use, particularly, with exceedingly weak received signal impulses such as those received, for example, over long telegraph wires or long submarine cables.

I propose ,to control, by means of received signal impulses, the pitch of sounds locally created at the receiving station which are due to interference between two or more sources of continuous oscillations, or alternating currents, or, in other words, the pitch of a beat note thus produced.

Reference numeral 1 generally designates the end of an incoming lead, such as from a radio, antenna earth system or an incominn line or cable. If desired, a blocking capacity such as a condenser 2 may be inserted in the incoming line, as shown, and the line is connected to the grid or input electrode 6 of audion 3 of the set of grid electrodes comprising electrodes 6 and 7. The other side of the incoming line, as shown at 31 is connected to the filament 8 of the audion. Oscillating circuits including the stopping condensers 12, 13, the. inductances 15, 16 and capacities 17, 14, respectively, are respectively connected across the grid electrode 6 and the plate electrode 9, of the set of plate electrodes comprising electrodes 9 and 5, and the plate electrode 5 and the grid electrode 7. Each of the set of plate electrodes 5, 9 is connected to the filament 8 through separate current sources, which are shown, for example, as batteries 22, 23, respectively, and through the detectors such as telephone receivers or other suitable impedances 25, 21. The filament 8 is heated from the current source 18, which is controlled by the variable resistance 20 as is usual with'the well known audion bulb.

With the foregoing arrangement, continuous oscillations are generated by each of the two circuits which are loosely coupled and inductively associated with each other. The incoming signal charges or impulses delivercd to the input electrode 6 distort the oscillating condition and period of one of these circuits to a greater degree than it does the other, and thereby produces a change in the beat note pitch, which is detected by the receivers.

In Fig. 2 I show an arrangement similar to Fig. 1 wherein the. incoming line leads terminate in the primary winding of a transformer 26 which is preferably wound to step up the voltage, and having one secondary coil-terminal connected to the grid electrode 6 of the set of grid electrodes and the other terminal thereof connected to the grid electrode 7 of that set. Stopping condensers 2 and 2 may be inserted in these respective circuit connections, but they are not necessary, and my invention is not to be limited thereto. From the center or neutral point minal connccted'to the neutral point of the transformer secondary coil so that the stopping condensers 2, 2, are omitted, the set of grid electrode 6, 7 or the audion 3 will be negatively charged, and the sensitiveness of the device thereby increased,

With the arrangement shown in'lFig. 2,

i a positive charge is impressed on direct the grid electrodes while a negative charge is impressed on the other grid electrode, thereby loading one of the two local oscillating circuits and decreasing the load on the all . varying the degree of heat out the filament of the audion, regulation can also be ob-- tained of the intensity of the beat notes or received signals.

T wish it to be understood that when reference is made herein to a set of electrodes, electrodes of similar character are other, thereby increasing the difierence in ratio of vibration of the two circuits and alterin the pitch of the beat note.

In Fig. 3 I show another method of alter- I a ing thepitch of the beat note by means of the incoming signal impulse, wherein the incoming line 1 is led. to earth or ground or the returnconductor through the coil of a direct current galvanometer 29. This coil carries a long light conducting arm d0 carrying at its extreme end. a small, light movable plate, or disk 32, preferably of thin aluminum leaf. In close proximity to this movable plate or disk is positioned a staoil tionaryor fixed plate 33, the two plates 32, 33 forming armatures of a small condenser connected in parallel to a small variable condenser 17 of the local oscillating circuit 15, 17, which is connected as hereinbefore described between the two electrodes 5 and 6 trodes 7 and 9 are here shown as being, connected to a second oscillating circuit including the inductance 16 bridged by the variable capacity 14:. The audion circuits are the-same as hereinbefore described in connection with other views of the drawing.

In the arrangement above ClGSClTlbGd,-tlle incoming signal impulse, by moving the movable armature 32 relative to the fixedarmature 33, changes the capacity of the oscillating circuit to which the galvanometer 29 is connected, and thereby alters the pitch of the beat note as heard in either of the telephone receivers or detectors 2% or 25,- as hereinbefore described.

By means of the arrangements described, wherein two oscillating audion circuits are associated with'each other, if the circuits are arranged to generate oscillations of say 300,000 and 300,300 periods per second,

respectively, a pure beat note having a frequency of 300 periods per secondwill. be

heard or detected at either detector or telephone. t

of an oscillating audion 3. The two elecintended to be designated by the term; 2''. c., a set ofcold electrodes would necessarily be two or more grid electrodes or two ,or more plate electrodes in the form adopted for the illustrationof, my invention.

Having now set forth the objects and nature of my invention, and having shown and described various embodiments thereof, what I claim as new and useful and of my own invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,

l. The combination with a vessel containing a hot electrode and aplurality of sets of cold electrodes, each set of electrodes-comprising a plurality of electrodes of similar form, of a separate circuit connecting each cold electrode of each set with one cold electrode of another 2. The combination with a vessel contain mg a hot electrode and a plurality of sets of cold electrpdes, each set of electrodes comprising a plurality of electrodes of similar form, of a separate oscillating circuit connectin each cold electrode of each set with one co (1 electrode of another set.

3. The combination with a vessel containing a hot electrode and a plurality of setsof cold electrodes, each set of electrodes comprising a plurality of electrodes of similar form, of a separate series oscillating circuit connecting each cold electrode of one set with a cold electrode of anotherset.

42. The combination with a vessel containmg a hot electrode and two sets ofcold elec separate circuits connecting each cold elec-- trode of one set with one cold electrode of the other set.

5. The combination with a vessel containing a hot electrode and two sets of cold electrodes each set of electrodes comprising a plurality of electrodes of similar form, of separate oscillating circuits connecting each cold electrode of one set with one cold electrode of the other set. a

6. The combination with a vessel contain: ing a hot electrode and two sets of cold electrodes, each set of electrodes comprising aplurality of electrodes of similar form, of separate series oscillating circuits connecting each cold electrode of one set with one cold electrode o f the other set.

7 The combination with a vessel containing a filament electrode and a set of grid electrodes and a set of plate electrodes, of a circuit connecting one grid electrode and one plate electrode, and a separate circuit connecting the other grid electrode and the other plate electrode.

8. The combination with a vessel containing a filament electrode and a set of grid electrodes and a set of plate electrodes, of a circuit connectin one grid electrode and one plate electro e, and a separate circuit connecting the other grid electrode and the other plate electrode, said circuits being inductively associated.

9. The combination with a vessel containing a. filament electrode and a set of grid electrodes and a set of plate electrodes, of an oscillating circuit connecting one grid electrode and one plate electrode, and a second oscillating circuit connecting the other grid electrode with the other plate electrode.

10. The combination with a vessel containing a filament electrode and a set of grid electrodes and a. set of plate electrodes, of an oscillating circuit connecting one grid electrode and one plate electrode, and a second oscillating circuit connecting the other grid electrode with the other plate electrode, sociated.

11. The combination with a vessel containing a filament electrode and a set of grid electrodes and a set of plate electrodes, of a series oscillating circuit connecting one grid electrode with one plate electrode, and a second series oscillating circuit connecting the other grid electrode with the other plate electrode.

12. The combination with a vessel con.- taining a filament electrode and a set of grid electrodes and a set of plate electrodes, of a series oscillating circuit connecting one grid electrode with one plate electrode, and

a. second series oscillating circuit connecting said circuits being inductively asthe other grid electrode with the other plate electrode, said circuits being inductively associated.

13. The combination with a vessel containin a hot electrode and a plurality of sets 0 cold electrodes, each set of electrodes comprising a plurality of electrodes of similar form, of a separate circuit connecting each cold electrode of each set with one cold electrode of another set, said circuits being inductively associated.

14:. The combination with a vessel containin a hot electrode and a plurality of sets oi cold electrodes, of a separate oscillating circuit connecting each cold electrode of each set with one cold electrode of another set, said circuits being inductively associated.

15. The combination with a vessel containing a hot electrode and a plurality of sets of-cold electrodes, of aseparate series oscillating circuit connecting each cold electrode of one set with a cold electrode of another set, said circuits being inductively associated.

16. The combination with a vessel containing a hot electrode and two sets of cold electrodes, each set of electrodes comprising a plurality of electrodes of similar form, of separate circuits connecting each cold electrode of one set with one cold electrode of the other set, said circuits being inductively associated.

17. The combination with a vessel containing a hot electrode and two sets of cold electrodes, of separate oscillating circuits connecting each cold electrode of one set with one cold electrode of the other set, said circuits being inductively associated.

18. The combination with a vessel containing a hot electrode and two sets of cold electrodes, of separate series oscillating circuit connecting each cold electrode of one set with one cold electrode of the other set, said circuits being inductively associated.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand on this 30th day of September,

LEE DE FOREST. 

